When combusted, ammonia emits no CO2 emissions and is widely recognised as an alternative marine fuel which will allow the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the shipping industry.  Green ammonia (ammonia produced from renewables only) has an even greater impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions.  Combusting ammonia directly, however, means that NOx emissions are produced.  While techniques are being developed to lower these harmful emissions, they do not necessarily eliminate them. 

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ZEM Fuel Systems are in collaboration with industry partners to develop fuel cell systems that mitigate the hazardous NOx emissions.  Focusing particularly on high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel cells (SOFCs) to directly convert ammonia to produce water and electricity to drive ships.